Arduino-Bits and Bytes Function

2022-10-302022-12-11

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This article details the use of the Arduino's Bits and Bytes function.

The Bits and Bytes function can be used to manipulate bits and bytes.

For other Arduino functions and libraries, please refer to the following article.

Arduino Language Reference: Functions and Libraries This article introduces the Arduino language reference. Please refer to the linked articles for detailed explanations and sample programs (sample sketches) f...

TOC

Bits and Bytes Functions

Functions	Parameters	Returns	Explanation
uint8_t lowByte(x)	x: The value of any type	The low-order Bit	Extracts the low-order Bit
uint8_t highByte(x)	x: The value of any type	The high-order Bit	Extracts the high-order Bit
boolean bitRead(x, n)	x: The value to read n: Which Bit to read	The value of the Bit	Reads the Bit of the number
void bitWrite(x, n, b)	x: The numeric variable to write n: The Bit of the number to write b: The value to write(0 or 1)	None	Writes the Bit of the numeric variable
void bitSet(x, n)	x: The numeric variable whose Bit to set n: The Bit to set for 1	None	Sets the Bit of the numeric variable for 1
void bitClear(x, n)	x: The numeric variable whose Bit to clear n: The Bit to set for 0	None	Clears the Bit of the numeric variable for 0
bit(n)	n: The Bit whose value to compute	The value of the Bit set to 1	Computes the value of the specified Bit set to 1

lowByte()/Extracts the low-order Bit

Function: uint8_t lowByte(x)
Parameter: x⇒The value of any type
Return: The low-order Bit

The lowByte() function returns the low-order bit of the number specified in the parameter.

highByte()/Extracts the high-order Bit

Function: uint8_t highByte(x)
Parameter: x⇒The value of any type
Return: The high-order Bit

The highByte() function returns the high-order bit of the number specified in the parameter.

bitRead()/Reads the Bit of the number

Function: boolean bitRead(x, n)
Parameter: x⇒The value to read
: n⇒Which Bit to read
Return: The value of the Bit

The bitRead() function specifies the target number and the digits of the Bit to be read as parameters and returns the Bit read.

bitWrite()/Writes the Bit of the numeric variable

Function: void bitWrite(x, n, b)
Parameter: x⇒The numeric variable to write
: n⇒The Bit of the number to write
: b⇒The value to write(0 or 1)
Return: None

The bitWrite() function changes the digit of a Bit to 0 or 1 by specifying the target number, the digit of the Bit, and the number to write to the Bit (0 or 1) as parameters.

bitSet()/Sets the Bit of the numeric variable for 1

Function: void bitSet(x, n)
Parameter: x⇒The numeric variable whose Bit to set
: n⇒The Bit to set for 1
Return: None

The bitSet() function changes the digit of a Bit to 1 by specifying the target number and the digit of the Bit as parameters.

bitClear()/Clears the Bit of the numeric variable for 0

Function: void bitClear(x, n)
Parameter: x⇒The numeric variable whose Bit to clear
: n⇒The Bit to set for 0
Return: None

The bitClear() function changes the digit of a Bit to 0 by specifying the target number and the digit of the Bit as parameters.

bit()/Computes the value of the specified Bit set to 1

Function: bit(n)
Parameter: n⇒The Bit whose value to compute
Return: The value of the Bit set to 1

The bit() function computes and returns the value of the digit specified by its parameter, Bit set to 1.

Sample Programs (Sample Sketches)

Parts List

Arduino Uno
USB Cable
PC(For Program Writing and Serial Monitor)

lowByte()/Extracts the low-order Byte

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(9600);//Initialize serial communication at 9600bps
}

void loop() {
  unsigned char low_byte;//Declare "low_byte" as a variable with unsigned char

  low_byte = lowByte(0xF3A1);//Extract the low bits of "0xF3A1", Assign them to "low_byte"
  Serial.print("LowByte: ");//Send string "LowByte: "
  Serial.println(low_byte, HEX);//Send number "low_byte" in hexadecimal, New line

  delay(1000);//Wait 1sec (1000msec)
}

Serial Monitor Example

LowByte: A1
LowByte: A1
LowByte: A1
LowByte: A1
LowByte: A1
LowByte: A1
LowByte: A1
LowByte: A1
LowByte: A1
LowByte: A1

The sample program specifies 0xF3A1 as the parameter of the lowByte() function and returns 0xA1 of the low bit.

highByte()/Extracts the high-order Byte

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(9600);//Initialize serial communication at 9600bps
}

void loop() {
  unsigned char high_byte;//Declare "high_byte" as a variable with unsigned char

  high_byte = highByte(0xF3A1);//Extract the high bits of "0xF3A1", Assign them to "high_byte"
  Serial.print("HighByte: ");//Send string "HighByte: "
  Serial.println(high_byte, HEX);//Send number "high_byte" in hexadecimal, New line

  delay(1000);//Wait 1sec (1000msec)
}

Serial Monitor Example

HighByte: F3
HighByte: F3
HighByte: F3
HighByte: F3
HighByte: F3
HighByte: F3
HighByte: F3
HighByte: F3
HighByte: F3
HighByte: F3

The sample program specifies 0xF3A1 as the parameter of the highByte() function and returns 0xF3 of the high bit.

bitRead()/Reads the Bit of the number

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(9600);//Initialize serial communication at 9600bps
}

void loop() {
  unsigned char bit1, bit2;//Declare "bit1" and "bit2" as a variable with unsigned char

  bit1 = bitRead(0b0101, 0);//Read the 1st digit from "0101" LSB, Assign it to "bit1"
  Serial.print("1st digit from 0101 LSB: ");//Send string "1st digit from 0101 LSB: "
  Serial.println(bit1);//Send number "bit1" in binary, New line

  bit2 = bitRead(0b0101, 3);//Read the 4th digit from "0101" LSB, Assign it to "bit2"
  Serial.print("4th digit from 0101 LSB: ");//Send string "4th digit from 0101 LSB: "
  Serial.println(bit2);//Send number "bit2" in binary, New line

  delay(1000);//Wait 1sec (1000msec)
}

Serial Monitor Example

1st digit from 0101 LSB: 1
4th digit from 0101 LSB: 0
1st digit from 0101 LSB: 1
4th digit from 0101 LSB: 0
1st digit from 0101 LSB: 1
4th digit from 0101 LSB: 0
1st digit from 0101 LSB: 1
4th digit from 0101 LSB: 0
1st digit from 0101 LSB: 1
4th digit from 0101 LSB: 0

The sample program reads the specified Bit by the bitRead() function. bit1 reads the 1st digit '1' from the LSB of "0101" and bit2 reads the 4th digit '0' from the LSB of "0101".

bitWrite()/Writes the Bit of the numeric variable

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(9600);//Initialize serial communication at 9600bps
}

void loop() {
  unsigned char bit1=0b1101, bit2=0b1101;//Declare "bit1" and "bit2" as a variable with unsigned char

  bitWrite(bit1, 2, 0);//Write "0" to the 3rd digit from LSB of bit1 "1101"
  Serial.print("Write '0' to the 3rd digit from LSB of 1101: ");//Send string "Write '0' to the 3rd digit from LSB of 1101: "
  Serial.println(bit1, BIN);//Send number "bit1" in binary, New line

  bitWrite(bit2, 1, 1);//Write "1" to the 2nd digit from LSB of bit2 "1101"
  Serial.print("Write '1' to the 2nd digit from LSB of 1101: ");//Send string "Write '1' to the 2nd digit from LSB of 1101: "
  Serial.println(bit2, BIN);//Send number "bit2" in binary, New line

  delay(1000);//Wait 1sec (1000msec)
}

Serial Monitor Example

Write '0' to the 3rd digit from LSB of 1101: 1001
Write '1' to the 2nd digit from LSB of 1101: 1111
Write '0' to the 3rd digit from LSB of 1101: 1001
Write '1' to the 2nd digit from LSB of 1101: 1111
Write '0' to the 3rd digit from LSB of 1101: 1001
Write '1' to the 2nd digit from LSB of 1101: 1111
Write '0' to the 3rd digit from LSB of 1101: 1001
Write '1' to the 2nd digit from LSB of 1101: 1111
Write '0' to the 3rd digit from LSB of 1101: 1001
Write '1' to the 2nd digit from LSB of 1101: 1111

The sample program writes a specific digit by the bitWrite() function. bit1 writes the 3rd digit from the LSB of "1101" to ' 0' and bit2 writes the 2nd digit from the LSB of "1101" to ' 1'.

bitSet()/Sets the Bit of the numeric variable for 1

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(9600);//Initialize serial communication at 9600bps
}

void loop() {
  unsigned char bit1=0b1101;//Declare "bit1" as a variable with unsigned char

  bitSet(bit1, 1);//Set the 2nd digit from LSB of bit1 "1101" to '1'
  Serial.print("Set 2nd digit from 1101 LSB to '1': ");//Send string "Set 2nd digit from 1101 LSB to '1': "
  Serial.println(bit1, BIN);//Send number "bit1" in binary, New line

  delay(1000);//Wait 1sec (1000msec)
}

Serial Monitor Example

Set 2nd digit from 1101 LSB to '1': 1111
Set 2nd digit from 1101 LSB to '1': 1111
Set 2nd digit from 1101 LSB to '1': 1111
Set 2nd digit from 1101 LSB to '1': 1111
Set 2nd digit from 1101 LSB to '1': 1111
Set 2nd digit from 1101 LSB to '1': 1111
Set 2nd digit from 1101 LSB to '1': 1111
Set 2nd digit from 1101 LSB to '1': 1111
Set 2nd digit from 1101 LSB to '1': 1111
Set 2nd digit from 1101 LSB to '1': 1111

The sample program sets a specific digit to '1' by the bitSet() function. bit1 sets the 2nd digit from the LSB of "1101" to '1'.

bitClear()/Clears the Bit of the numeric variable for 0

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(9600);//Initialize serial communication at 9600bps
}

void loop() {
  unsigned char bit1=0b1101;//Declare "bit1" as a variable with unsigned char

  bitClear(bit1, 2);//Clear the 3rd digit from LSB of bit1 "1101" to '0'
  Serial.print("Clear 3rd digit from 1101 LSB to '0': ");//Send string "Clear 3rd digit from 1101 LSB to '0': "
  Serial.println(bit1, BIN);//Send number "bit1" in binary, New line

  delay(1000);//Wait 1sec (1000msec)
}

Serial Monitor Example

Clear 3rd digit from 1101 LSB to '0': 1001
Clear 3rd digit from 1101 LSB to '0': 1001
Clear 3rd digit from 1101 LSB to '0': 1001
Clear 3rd digit from 1101 LSB to '0': 1001
Clear 3rd digit from 1101 LSB to '0': 1001
Clear 3rd digit from 1101 LSB to '0': 1001
Clear 3rd digit from 1101 LSB to '0': 1001
Clear 3rd digit from 1101 LSB to '0': 1001
Clear 3rd digit from 1101 LSB to '0': 1001
Clear 3rd digit from 1101 LSB to '0': 1001

The sample program clears a specific digit to '0' by the bitClear() function. bit1 clears the 3rd digit from the LSB of "1101" to '0'.

bit()/Computes the value of the specified Bit set to 1

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(9600);//Initialize serial communication at 9600bps
}

void loop() {
  unsigned char bit1, bit2;//Declare "bit1" and "bit2" as a variable with unsigned char

  bit1 = bit(0);//Compute the value of the 1st digit Bit from LSB in binary to '1', Assign it to "bit1"
  Serial.print("Compute the value of the 1st digit Bit from LSB to '1': ");//Send string "Compute the value of the 1st digit Bit from LSB to '1': "
  Serial.println(bit1, BIN);//Send number "bit1" in binary, New line

  bit2 = bit(4);//Compute the value of the 5th digit Bit from LSB in binary to '1', Assign it to "bit2"
  Serial.print("Compute the value of the 5th digit Bit from LSB to '1': ");//Send string "Compute the value of the 5th digit Bit from LSB to '1': "
  Serial.println(bit2, BIN);//Send number "bit2" in binary, New line

  delay(1000);//Wait 1sec (1000msec)
}

Serial Monitor Example

Compute the value of the 1st digit Bit from LSB to '1': 1
Compute the value of the 5th digit Bit from LSB to '1': 10000
Compute the value of the 1st digit Bit from LSB to '1': 1
Compute the value of the 5th digit Bit from LSB to '1': 10000
Compute the value of the 1st digit Bit from LSB to '1': 1
Compute the value of the 5th digit Bit from LSB to '1': 10000
Compute the value of the 1st digit Bit from LSB to '1': 1
Compute the value of the 5th digit Bit from LSB to '1': 10000
Compute the value of the 1st digit Bit from LSB to '1': 1
Compute the value of the 5th digit Bit from LSB to '1': 10000

The sample program computes the value "1" of the specified digit Bit by the bit() function. bit1 computes the value "1" of of the 1st digit Bit from LSB, and bit2 computes the value "10000" of the 5th digit Bit from LSB.

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